Black and White Helen (Papilio nephelus sunatus) | PUPAE

Papilio nephelus, commonly known as the White or Yellow Helen (depending on subspecies), is a striking butterfly species belonging to the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). It is found in many countries of Asia, including Nepal, India, China, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand and Cambodia. Known for its elegance and large size, the Yellow Helen is often spotted in forests, gardens, and near water sources - they will drink water from the edges of streams, and males consume salts required for reproduction. This butterfly’s wings are primarily black with yellowish or white patches on the hindwings - depending on subspecies and geographical origin - which serve as its distinguishing feature. The hindwings also have a scalloped edge and are adorned with subtle red spots near the base. Like many swallowtails, Papilio nephelus has tail-like extensions on its hindwings.

The caterpillars mimic bird droppings in their early stages for camouflage, eventually transitioning into more vibrant green hues as they mature. They feed on host plants including members of the Rutaceae family such as citrus trees. Adult butterflies are avid nectar feeders, often seen fluttering around flowers in search of sustenance. While not endangered, Papilio nephelus faces threats from habitat destruction. Pupae are excellently camouflaged, resembling the bark or dead leaves of their host plants.

Host plants - Citrus; various other related plants.

Conditions - Room temperature is sufficient however pupae emerge sooner with warmth & butterflies enjoy sunshine.

Lifecycle - Continually brooded; pupae capable of diapause.