Papilio polyxenes, commonly known as the Eastern Black Swallowtail, is a striking butterfly native to North America. It belongs to the Papilionidae family, known for their large size and vibrant patterns. Adults display black wings adorned with yellow spots and a series of blue scales on the hindwings. A distinguishing feature is the orange "eye spot" near the tail, which helps deter predators.
This butterfly is a common sight in open fields, gardens, and meadows, particularly where its host plants, such as parsley, dill, fennel, and carrot, grow. Females lay their eggs on these plants, providing a food source for the caterpillars, which are green with black and yellow stripes. The larvae are also known as "parsley worms" because of their feeding habits.
The chrysalis often blends with its surroundings, offering protection during this vulnerable period. This species exhibits two or more broods annually, depending on climate conditions.
Besides its ecological role as a pollinator, Papilio polyxenes is a favorite among butterfly enthusiasts and gardeners due to its beauty and relatively easy rearing in captivity.
Difficulty - Straightforward (3/10) to rear; easy to hatch and care for butterflies (1/10)
Host plants - Fennel; Dill; Parsley; Garden Rue; others reported
Conditions - Room temperature or warmer
Lifecycle - multiple broods per year
