Orange-Tip Butterfly | Anthocharis cardamines PUPAE

Anthocharis cardamines, commonly known as the orange-tip butterfly, is a small but striking species in the family Pieridae, found primarily across northern Europe and parts of Asia. It is named for the vibrant orange tips on the forewings of the males, which make it easily recognizable during flight.

The males of Anthocharis cardamines have white wings with distinctive orange patches at the tips of the forewings, while the females have completely white forewings with grey tips, which helps in camouflage when they rest. The undersides of both sexes are pale, with light greenish-yellow and grayish patterns that further aid in blending into their surroundings when at rest. The wingspan typically ranges from 40 to 50 mm.

The larvae are bright green with a white stripe along the side and feed on plants in the cabbage family (Brassicaceae), including Cardamine species, which is why it is often associated with wild mustard or cuckoo flower (Cardamine pratensis). The caterpillars are well-camouflaged among their host plants, and pupation occurs in a twig-like, upward-facing pupa attached to vegetation, where it spends the winter before emerging as a butterfly in early spring.

Adult Anthocharis cardamines are typically seen in spring, fluttering around their host plants. They are attracted to nectar sources, including primroses and other early spring flowers. Though generally common and widespread, the species may be affected by changes in habitat due to urbanization or intensive agriculture. It is appreciated by naturalists for its beautiful color pattern and its early emergence in the butterfly season.

Host plants: Cuckooflower, Honesty, Dame’s Violet, Garlic Mustard and other mustards.

Difficulty: Easy (3/10) but caterpillars can be cannibalistic!

Temperature: Room temp. or outside.

Lifecycle: Single brood with pupae overwintering and butterflies emerging early in spring.