Hyalophora cecropia, commonly known as the Cecropia Moth, is the largest native moth in North America, belonging to the Saturniidae family of giant silk moths. This species is renowned for its impressive size, striking appearance, and fascinating life cycle, making it a favorite among entomologists.
Adult Cecropia Moths have a wingspan ranging from 12–18 cm, making them one of the most spectacular moths in their range. Their wings are a rich reddish-brown with intricate patterns of white, orange, and black. A distinctive crescent-shaped white spot on each wing is bordered by black and red bands, while their bodies are stout and furry, often red with black stripes.
Cecropia Moths are found throughout North America, from Canada to the southeastern United States, inhabiting woodlands, gardens, and areas near their host plants. The adults are nocturnal and do not feed, relying on energy reserves stored during their larval stage. Their sole purpose is reproduction, and their lifespan as adults is only about one to two weeks.
The larval stage is equally remarkable. Cecropia caterpillars are bright green and covered with colorful tubercles: blue at the base, yellow on the middle segments, and red near the head and tail. These caterpillars feed on a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, including maple, birch, cherry, apple, and lilac. Despite their large size and appetite, they seldom cause significant damage to their host plants.
When ready to pupate, the caterpillar spins a large, tough, spindle-shaped cocoon, often attached to a branch or stem. Inside, it undergoes metamorphosis during the winter months, emerging as an adult moth in late spring or early summer. The cocoon's silk has historically been of interest to researchers due to its strength and durability.
Difficulty - Caterpillars are challenging (7/10); cocoons and moths are easy (1/10)
Host plants - Willow; Birch; Apple; Cherry; Plum; Alder; Ash; Sweet Gum; Maples and others
Conditions - Good air flow and hygeine essential for caterpillars; room temperature or outside
Lifecycle - Single brood annually
