Saturnia pyri, commonly known as the giant peacock moth or the great emperor moth, is the largest moth in Europe, belonging to the family Saturniidae. Its wingspan can reach up to 15–20 cm (6–8 inches), making it a truly impressive species. Found in Southern and Central Europe and parts of the Middle East, this moth inhabits woodlands, orchards, and rural areas, where its caterpillars feed predominantly on fruit trees and some other deciduous species.
The moth is recognized by its striking appearance. Each wing bears a prominent eyespot resembling those on a peacock feather, surrounded by a pattern of brown, gray, and cream tones. These eyespots serve as a defense mechanism, startling potential predators. When threatened, the moth spreads its wings to display these patterns more prominently.
The mature caterpillars are bright green with purple tubercles, although younger larvae begin black in colour with orange tubercles. They feed on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, such as willow, plum, cherry and apple. After maturing, they spin large, robust silken cocoons in which they pupate. There is only one brood per year, and adult moths do not feed, flying by night and living for only a few days to reproduce.
Difficulty - Cocoons/moths easy (1/10); caterpillars require some experience (5/10)
Host plants - Cherry; Plum; Pear; Apple; Willow; Ash; Sweet Gum; Hawthorn
Conditions - Room temperature or outdoors; good air flow essential.
Lifecycle - Single brood; cocoons overwinter.
