MAY/JUNE: Papilio machaon EGGS
Host plants: Fennel, Dill, Parsley, Rue, Carrot, Parsnip (and their wild counterparts)
Difficulty: Caterpillars can be difficult (6/10); pupae and butterflies are very easy (1/10)
Temperature: Room temp. for caterpillars and pupae; adults may enjoy warmth but sunshine/bright conditions more important
Lifecycle: two or three broods normally, but continually brooded in some regions; pupae overwinter
European Swallowtails are part of the Swallowtail (Papilioniidae) family of butterflies. They are a mid-sized butterfly, with a wingspan between 6 and 9cm. There are typically 2-4 broods per year depending on local adaptations and temperatures. Caterpillars feed Fennel, Dill, Parsely, and their wild equivalents. These can be quite challenging to rear, but following the care guides will help if you are unsure. Autumn pupae should be stored cold over winter until spring. Caring for the adult butterflies is straightforward and they are not particularly challenging to breed. Nectar solution and flowers should be available, but note that hand-feeding may still be required.